라즈베리파이로 NAS 서버 만들기 2편 - ftp

 

 

안녕하세요?

 

지난시간에 라즈베리파이로 서버 구축하는 방법에 대해 알아 봤는데요.

 

https://cpro95.tistory.com/135

라즈베리파이로 NAS 서버 만들기

 

2편에서는 서버의 가장 기본인 FTP에 대해 알아 보겠습니다.

 

일단 우리가 구축한 서버는 모니터와 키보드를 연결 안한 상태로 전원케이블만 연결해 놓고 어디 안보이는 곳에 나둬도 됩니다.

 

서버니까 랜선은 연결해놔야 겠죠.

 

저는 라우터 옆에 안보이는 곳에 나둡니다.

 

1편에서 SSH 서버를 구축했기 때문에 SSH로 본인 컴퓨터로 원격 접속해 보겠습니다.

 

ssh pi@192.168.29.159 -p 2002

우리집 라우터에 의하면 라즈베리파이는 192.168.29.159 IP 주소를 가지고 있으며,

 

SSH 포트는 1편에서 중국 손님들 때문에 2002로 설정했습니다.

 

1편에서 우리가 사용하는 사용자 id는 pi였습니다.

 

그래서 위와 같이 ssh 원격 접속하면 우리 서버에 접속할 수 있습니다.

 

1편에서 설치한 라즈베리파이 OS lite 버전은 ftp 서버가 없습니다.

 

이제 우리가 목적으로하는 ftp 서버를 구축해 봅시다.

 

sudo apt install vsftpd

리눅스 서버에서 가장 많이 쓰이는 ftp 데몬은 vsftpd입니다.

 

위와 같이 설치하면 이제 설정파일만 건들면 됩니다.

 

설정 파일은 /etc/vsftpd.conf 입니다.

 

일단 뭐가 들어 있는지 살펴 봅시다.

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
#local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=YES
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. To listen on IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets, you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
#listen_ipv6=YES

영어로 되어 있어 뭔가 어려워 보입니다.

 

일단 첫번째 항목부터 살펴 봅시다.

# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=YES

위 코드에서 2번째 줄은 #으로 시작하지 않습니다. #으로 시작하지 않는다는 뜻은 주석이 아니라 vsftpd가 설정에 이용한다는 뜻입니다.

 

anonymous_enable=YES 라고 되어 있는데 익명사용자가 ftp에 접속할 수 있다는 뜻입니다.

 

일단 본인만 쓸 ftp 서버라서 익명 ftp는 NO라고 설정합시다.

 

나중에 본인 서버를 친구한테 잠시 열어둘때 anonymous_enable=YES라고 하시면 됩니다.

 

일단 우리는 anonyous_enable=NO라고 씁시다.

 

두번째 설정을 볼까요?

# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
#local_enable=YES

local_enable 은 서버 사용자가 로컬에서 접속할 수 있냐를 설정하는 겁니다.

 

pi 사용자가 터미널상에서 ftp 를 실행해서 접속할 수 있게 하는 겁니다.

 

일단 위 라인에 #을 제거하여 설정하도록 합시다.

 

다음 설정을 살펴 봅시다.

# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
#write_enable=YES

write_enable 은 ftp에 접속한 사용자가 ftp에 쓸수 있느냐입니다.

 

쉽게 말해 업로드할 수 있느냐입니다.

 

당연히 YES로 해야겠죠. #을 제거하여 설정하도록 합시다.

 

다음 설정을 볼까요?

# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
#local_umask=022

위 설정은 우리가 업로들 했을 때 그 업로드한 파일의 퍼미션을 설정하는 umask입니다.

 

가장 일반적인 설정은 다음과 같습니다.

local_umask=022
chmod_enable=YES
file_open_mode=0755

file_open_mod=0755 는 파일의 퍼미션을 -rwxr-xr-x라고 설정합니다.

 

즉, 우리가 업로드하면 -rwxr-xr-x라고 기본적으로 chmod(change mode)가 됩니다.

 

마지막으로 다음과 같은 설정이 있습니다.

utf8_filesystem=YES

파일시스템을 utf8로 설정하는 거라 우리나라에서는 필수겠죠.

 

일단 ftp 서버를 쓸 수 있는 기본적인 설정을 완료했습니다.

 

제 vsftpd.conf 파일을 올려 보겠습니다.

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
#
# Run standalone?  vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone
# daemon started from an initscript.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
listen_ipv6=YES
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default).
anonymous_enable=NO
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
chmod_enable=YES
file_open_mode=0755
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time
# in  your  local  time  zone.  The default is to display GMT. The
# times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this
# option.
use_localtime=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).
connect_from_port_20=YES
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
#xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
#xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails
#
# You may restrict local users to their home directories.  See the FAQ for
# the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or
# chroot_list_enable below.
#chroot_local_user=YES
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
#chroot_local_user=YES
#chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# Customization
#
# Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by
# default.
#
# This option should be the name of a directory which is empty.  Also, the
# directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used
# as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem
# access.
secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty
#
# This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use.
pam_service_name=vsftpd
#
# This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL
# encrypted connections.
rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
ssl_enable=NO

#
# Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem.
utf8_filesystem=YES

 

이제 vsftpd 데몬을 재시작합니다.

 

service vsftpd restart

 

이렇게 라즈베리파이의 ftp 서버 구축을 완료했습니다.

 

다음편에서는 토렌트 다운로드 데몬인 transmission-daemon 설치법에 대해 알아 봅시다.